Simple Life--by Allen: [foto][波士顿大图]卡瓦夷真火山之夜

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[波士顿大图]卡瓦夷真火山之夜

Photographer Olivier Grunewald has recently made several trips into the sulfur mine in the crater of the Kawah Ijen volcano in East Java, Indonesia, bringing with him equipment to capture surreal images lit by moonlight, torches, and the blue flames of burning molten sulfur. Covered last year in the Big Picture (in daylight), the miners of the 2,600 meter tall (8,660ft) Kawah Ijen volcano trek up to the crater, then down to the shore of a 200-meter-deep crater lake of sulfuric acid, where they retrieve heavy chunks of pure sulfur to carry back to a weighing station. Mr. Grunewald has been kind enough to share with us the following other-worldly photos of these men as they do their hazardous work under the light of the moon. (30 photos total)

最近，摄影师奥利维尔·格林勒华特几次进入印度尼西亚东爪哇卡瓦夷真火山火山坑内的硫磺矿。他带着照相设备拍下了被月光、火炬和燃烧的熔融硫磺蓝色火焰照亮的离奇图像。去年的大图（白天）展示了矿工跋涉进入2600米高卡瓦夷真火山的火山坑，沿着火山坑200米深的硫酸湖岸边走下去，收取纯硫磺块，带回磅站的情景。以下是格林勒华特先生与我们分享的另一个世界的照片：矿工们在月光下做危险工作的情景。

1.A sulfur miner stands inside the crater of the Kawah Ijen volcano at night, holding a torch, looking towards a flow of liquid sulfur which has caught fire and burns with an eerie blue flame. (© Olivier Grunewald)

1.夜里，一名硫磺矿工站在卡瓦夷真火山的火山坑内，举着火炬，看着前面着了火，发出怪异火焰的液态硫磺。

2Descending into the Kawah Ijen caldera, a one-kilometer-wide acidic crater lake lies in the middle. On its shore, the sulfur mining operation. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

2.下到卡瓦夷真火山口，可见中央有个一公里宽的火山湖。人们就在湖岸边开采硫磺矿。

3Steam and acidic gases emerge from fumaroles among yellowish chunks of sulfur and burning liquid sulfur on Kawah Ijen. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

3.蒸汽和酸性气体从黄色硫磺块和液态硫磺间的喷气孔喷出。

4Flaming molten sulfur flows inside the volcanic crater. Sulfur will melt at just above 100 C (212 F), but the temperatures in the crater do not get high enough for spontaneous combustion - the fires are lit by the miner's dripping torches. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

4.火山坑内燃烧的熔融硫磺。只要超过 100 C，硫磺就会融化，不过火山坑内的气温不会高到使其自燃的程度——这里的火是矿工扔下火炬点燃的。

5A miner chips away hunks of solid sulfur to take with him back to the mine office. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

5.矿工铲起固态硫磺块，带回矿山办公室。

6A sulfur deposit clings to the edge of an old barrel now embedded in sulfur inside Kawah Ijen. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

6.硫磺沉积物挂在如今嵌入硫磺的旧桶边缘。

7Miners labor in hellish conditions to retrieve the sulfur - Photographer Olivier Grunewald describes the smell as overwhelming, requiring a gas mask for safety, which few of the miners possess. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

7.矿工在地狱般的环境中回收硫磺。格林勒华特形容这里的气味难以忍受，为了保证安全需要防护面具，但是只有少数矿工备有面具。

8Miners rest near a fire, holding long crowbars they use to pry the sulfur from the crater. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

8.矿工手里拿着用来撬硫磺的长撬棍，在火旁休息。

9A formation caused by liquid sulfur flow inside the crater of Kawah Ijen. When molten, sulfur appears nearly blood red, as it cools, it becomes more and more yellow. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

9.卡瓦夷真火山坑内流淌的液态硫磺形成了这样的地层。融化的硫磺看上去接近血红色，冷却时，会变得越来越黄。

10Molten sulfur burns after it drips from stone and ceramic pipes that have condensed the sulfuric gases from the volcano into a liquid, depositing it to cool and harden for later retrieval. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

10.融化的硫磺从石头和陶瓷管上滴下来后燃烧起来。这种陶瓷管用来把来自火山的硫磺气体凝结为液体。液体硫磺沉淀后会冷却变硬，方便日后回收。

11Lit by torches, miners chop away at the solid sulfur deposits, retrieving chunks they can carry back out. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

11.在火炬光照下，矿工铲起固态硫磺沉积，取走能带回去的硫磺块。

12A miner works on a block of sulfur, to fit it into the baskets used to carry the mineral out of the volcano. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

12.一名矿工把硫磺块砸小，放进用来搬运硫磺的篮子里。

13Working close to condensation pipes a miner gathers sulfur from Kawah Ijen, molten sulfur burning blue in the background. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

13.一名矿工在冷凝管旁收集硫磺，背后融化的硫磺燃起蓝色火焰。

14Miners carry heavy blocks of sulfur, preparing for their return trip. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

14.矿工们搬起沉重的硫磺块，准备往回走。

15Molten sulfur burns atop a solid sulfur deposit. Miners will extinguish the flames before they leave to prevent any loss of sulfur. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

15.融化的硫磺在固态硫磺沉积物上燃烧。矿工们在离开前要熄灭火焰以免损失硫磺。

16A miner begins his return trip with his heavy load of sulfur. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

16.一名矿工挑着沉重的硫磺担子启程返回。

17A masked miner walks through a thick cloud of steam and acidic gas, carrying a torch near the blue flames of a burning liquid sulfur flow. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

17.一名戴面具的矿工手持火炬，在发出蓝色火焰的液态硫磺附近，穿过浓厚的蒸汽和酸性气体。

18A miner adjusts his load - each pair of full baskets can weigh from 45 to 90kg (100 - 200 lbs). (© Olivier Grunewald) #

18.一名矿工在整理自己的担子。两只装满硫磺的篮子可能重达45至90公斤。

19Miners begin their journey home, clouds of steam and gas behind them lit by moonlight, torchlight, and burning liquid sulfur. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

19.矿工们开始回家之旅，他们身后的蒸汽和气体云被月光、火炬光和燃烧的液态硫磺照亮。

20A miner's hut just inside the crater of Kawah Ijen. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

20.一名矿工的小屋就在卡瓦夷真火山坑内。

21A miner adjusts his load of sulfur blocks. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

21.一名矿工在调整他的硫磺担子。

22Miners carrying torches climb back up the wall of Kawah Ijen's crater, beginning their return trip with a 200 meter climb to the crater lip. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

22.举着火炬的矿工开始返程之旅。他们要爬200米，才能爬上卡瓦夷真火山坑壁，爬出火山坑。

23Looking back down on the mining operation inside the volcano, the burning sulfur, acidic lake and moonlit crater walls. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

23.回望火山内的采矿点、燃烧的硫磺、酸湖和月光下的火山坑壁。

24A miner weighs his load at the local mining office. Miners will make this trip two or three times a day, with typical earnings of approximately $13.00 US per day. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

24.一名矿工在当地矿山办公室里称自己担子的重量级。矿工们每天要这样走两三趟，每天收入将近13美元。

25Inside the initial processing facility, the blocks of sulfur are broken down into much smaller bits. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

25.初步加工的设备把硫磺块破碎成小块。

26The sulfur bits are then placed in large vessels above wood fires to be melted once again. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

26.随后，小硫磺块被放进柴火上的大容器中，再次融化。

27Molten sulfur is ladled from the melting pots into carrying buckets. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

27.人们从熔锅里把融化的硫磺舀进运输桶中。

28Some molten sulfur is channeled into other vessels. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

28.一些融化的硫磺被输送到其它容器中。

29The final step, spreading the liquid sulfur on slabs to cool into sheets, which, once hardened, will be shipped to local factories for use in vulcanizing rubber, bleaching sugar and other industrial processes. (© Olivier Grunewald) #

29.最后一步，把液态硫磺摊在平板上，冷却后形成板片。待硫磺片变硬，就把它们运到当地工厂，用到硫化橡胶、漂白糖和其它工业工序中。

30Photographer Olivier Grunewald kneels to get a photograph on a small rock outcropping in the acid crater lake of Kawah Ijen. "The feeling is like being on another planet" he said. Grunewald lost one camera and two lenses to the harsh conditions in the crater, and when it was over, he threw all of his clothes in the garbage, as the sulfuric smell was so strong and would not wash out. (© Olivier Grunewald) #