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原作者：
来源Sun Pictures: A Full Year in a Single Frame
译者luyue
1.Sun's Path in 2010
1.2010年的太阳路径
Photograph by Tamas Ladanyi, TWAN
摄影：Tamas Ladanyi, TWAN
Can a single picture sum up all of 2010? In a way, yes. The above multiple-exposure photo shows the figure-eight path of the sun over the course of the entire year, known as an analemma.
一幅照片能概括2010年的一切吗？从某种角度来说，是的。以上的多次曝光照片就显示了8字形的太阳全年路径，被称为8字曲线。
Analemma photographs are made by taking a picture of the sun from the same place at the same time of day once or twice a week, generating 30 to 50 frames. This picture, made in Veszprem, Hungary, combines 36 photos of the sun taken at 10 a.m. local time between January and December. A separate picture of the neighborhood taken from the same location but at a different time of day was digitally composited into the foreground.
每天在同一时间、同一地点拍一幅太阳照片，每周一至两次，产生30至50帧画面，制作而成8字曲线照片。这张匈牙利维斯普雷姆的图片整合了今年1月至12月期间当地时间上午10点拍摄的36幅太阳照片。附近街区是在同一地点、不同时间单独拍摄的照片，采用数字手段合成为前景。
The sun makes this shape over a year because Earth rotates on a slightly different axis than the sun, and our planet also travels on an elliptical orbit. As one hemisphere of Earth tilts farther from the sun, the arc of the sun's daily path seen from that location lowers toward the horizon. The sun's arc then gets higher in the sky as the tilt reverses. The sun's highest point in the sky, seen in this analemma, occurs during the summer solstice, while its lowest point is during winter solstice.
太阳一年内的轨迹形成这种形状是因为地球围绕着与太阳略微不同的轴旋转，而我们的地球也沿着椭圆形轨道运行。当地球一个半球距太阳的倾斜度更大时，从那个地点看到的太阳日常路径弧线就向地平线低下去。当倾斜方向相反时，太阳的弧线就在空中升得更高。夏至期间，你能看到从8字曲线中看到的太阳在空中最高点，在冬至期间能够看到其最低点。
Because of the time and precision involved, photographs of analemmas can be very difficult to produce. So far, only about 20 people worldwide have released successful analemma photos, according to Babak Tafreshi, founder of the astrophotography website The World at Night (TWAN).
因为涉及到时间和精确度，制作8字曲线照片可能非常困难。天体摄影术网站 The World at Night (TWAN)创始人巴巴克·塔弗莱希透露，迄今为止，世界各地只有约20人公布了成功的8字曲线照片。
2.A Year at Delphi
2.特尔斐的一年
Photograph by Anthony Ayiomamitis, TWAN
摄影：Anthony Ayiomamitis, TWAN
The sun seems to rise from behind the hills near the Tholos, a circular building in the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia in ancient Delphi, in an analemma photo composite made in Greece in 2001.
从2001年希腊制作的8字曲线合成照片中，你可以看到太阳好似从Tholos——古特尔斐的雅典娜圣域一幢圆形建筑——附近的山后升起来。
"In the classic way, all analemmas were made on single frames of film using multi-exposure settings and placing a camera on a fixed platform," TWAN's Tafreshi said in an email. "Newer analemmas are generally made by placing the digital camera on that fixed platform and shooting a single image each time and composing all the frames later."
"按照经典的方式，所有8字曲线都是利用多次曝光设置和安置在固定平台上的相机拍摄的单幅画面制作而成。"TWAN的塔弗莱希在一封电子邮件中透露，"较新的8字曲线照片一般由安置在固定平台上的数字相机每次拍摄一幅图像，之后再合成所有画面制作而成。
It's possible to make a classic analemma that includes the pictures of the sun and the foreground on the same piece of film—but that's risky business, according to Tafreshi. For starters, safely taking pictures of the sun requires a special solar filter on the camera.
据塔弗莱希说，在同一卷胶卷上拍摄包括所有太阳图片的经典8字曲线照片也有可能，但是那是个风险极大的事情。对初学者来说，安全地拍摄太阳照片的相机上需要一个特殊的太阳滤波器。
To also capture the Earthly landscape, "the photographer needs to make an exposure without a solar filter in day time (and usually when the sun is not in the view), and having this overexposed or underexposed will ruin the year-long work," he said.
为了同时抓拍到地球景观，"摄影师需要在白天没有太阳滤波器的情况下（一般是太阳不在视线之内的时候）使其曝光，如果过度曝光或曝光不足都会毁掉长达一年的工作。"他说。
3.Year of the Eclipse
3.日蚀之年
Photograph by Tunc Tezel and Cenk E. Tezel, TWAN
摄影：Tunc Tezel and Cenk E. Tezel, TWAN
One disk of the sun shines like a pendant on a celestial necklace in the first known analemma photo to feature a total solar eclipse. The composite picture includes an exposure of the eclipsed sun as it appeared over Antalya, Turkey, in March 2006. The rest of the analemma shows the sun's path over Bursa, 311 miles (500 kilometers) north, between July 2005 and July 2006.
在突出了日全食特点已知最早的8字曲线照片中，有一个太阳圆盘像天体项链上的垂饰似的闪耀光芒。这个合成图片包含一幅因日蚀而暗淡的太阳照片，那是2006年3月出现在土耳其安塔利亚上空的太阳。8字曲线其余部分显示了2005年7月至2006年7月期间在500公里以北布尔萨的太阳路径。
During a solar eclipse, the moon passes between Earth and the sun, blocking most of the sun's light. All that's visible during totality is the sun's relatively faint upper atmosphere, called the corona.
在日蚀期间，月亮经过地球和太阳之间，遮住大部分太阳光。日全食期间能看见的只有太阳上部相对模糊的大气，被称为日冕。
The eclipsed sun appears brighter in this analemma because the shot was taken without a solar filter and for a longer exposure time, allowing the photographer to capture the corona and the darkened landscape of Antalya, seen in the foreground.
因日蚀而暗淡的太阳在这幅8字曲线照片中显得更亮，因为拍摄这张照片时没有用太阳滤波器，而且曝光时间较长，使摄影师能够捕捉到日冕和前景可见的安塔利亚暗下来的景观。
4.Loop Over Crosses
4.十字架之角上的环
Photograph by Juan Carlos Casado, TWAN
摄影：Juan Carlos Casado, TWAN
This analemma photo-composite shows the sun's path as it appeared over Girona, Spain, from March 2003 to March 2004. After capturing 53 disks, one every seven days at 9:15 a.m. UT, photographer Juan Carlos Casado then added a foreground picture of the Cap de Creus (Cape of Crosses) National Park, in the easternmost part of the Iberian Peninsula (map).
这张8字曲线合成照片显示了2003年3月至2004年3月，太阳出现在西班牙赫罗纳上空时的路径。抓拍了53幅太阳圆盘照片（每7天在上午9点15分拍一张）之后，摄影师胡安·卡洛斯·卡萨多增加了一幅位于伊比利亚半岛最东部的十字架之角国家公园的前景照片。
Although analemmas traditionally depict the path of the sun, it's also possible to make an analemma of the moon (picture). Due to the moon's titled and elliptical orbit around Earth, the moon seems to return to the same place in the sky 51 minutes later each day, on average. That means taking pictures 51 minutes later each day for a lunar month produces a similar figure eight in the sky.
虽然8字曲线一般用来描绘太阳路径，但也可以形成 月亮的8字曲线（图） 。因为有卫星的头衔，而且沿椭圆形轨道环绕地球运行，月亮似乎每天平均51分钟返回到天空的同一地点。也就是说，朔望月每天在51分钟后拍摄一张照片就能形成同样的空中8字。
Analemmas may also appear for observers on the surfaces of other planets, based on orbital calculations, but for some worlds the shape of the sun's path wouldn't trace a figure eight. On Mercury, for example, the interplay between axial tilt and orbital path would make an analemma that's a nearly straight line from east to west. On Mars, meanwhile, the analemma would look more like a teardrop.
根据轨道计算，8字曲线也有可能为其它星球表面的观察者显现，但是对某些世界来说，太阳路径的形状不会描绘出8字。例如，在水星上，轴向倾斜和轨道路径会形成从东到西近乎直线的8字曲线。而在火星上，这个8字曲线会更像一滴泪珠。
5.The First Analemma Photo
5.第一张8字曲线照片
Photograph by Dennis di Cicco, TWAN
摄影：Dennis di Cicco, TWAN
The first analemma photograph ever made—created over New England in the U.S. between 1978 and 1979—stands as one of the few analemma pictures in the world that does not use a composited foreground. The shot includes 44 exposures of the sun and a picture of a house, all taken from the same location and all on a single frame of film.
历史上第一张8字曲线照片——1978年至1979年期间，在美国新格兰创作的照片——是世界上为数不多的没有使用合成前景的8字曲线照片之一。这张照片包含曝光44次的太阳和一幢房子的照片，都摄于同一地点，也都在胶卷的一幅画面上。
In addition, during summer solstice, winter solstice, and one of the equinoxes, photographer Dennis di Cicco made long exposures with a solar filter, beginning each day at sunrise and ending at 8:30 a.m. ET. The resulting image shows part of the sun's arc during those three days.
此外，在夏至、冬至和一次二分点，摄影师丹尼斯·迪·西科利用滤波器进行长时间曝光，每天从日出开始，至上午8点30分结束。这样处理过的图像显示了那三天太阳的弧形部分。
"Most people say you have to be nuts to attempt a year-long exposure of the sun," di Cicco wrote on the TWAN astrophotography website. "Those who have succeeded will probably agree!
"多数人表示，尝试为期一年的太阳曝光，你一定是疯了。"迪·西科在TWAN天体摄影网站上写道，"那些成功了的人很可能性会同意这个说法！"
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